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User:Tintero21/Roman emperors

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N. Portrait Coin Name Reign Death
(1) Julio-Claudian dynasty 95 years, 5 months
1
Caesar Augustus
"Octavianus"
27 BC–AD 14
40 years, 7 months and 3 days Natural
2
Tiberius I
AD 14–37
22 years, 5 months and 27 days Natural
3 Gaius "Caligula"
AD 37–41
3 years, 10 months and 6 days Murder
4 Claudius I
AD 41–54
13 years, 8 months and 19 days Murder
5 Nero
AD 54–68
13 years, 7 months and 27 days Suicide
(2) Year of the Four Emperors
6 Galba
AD 68–69
0 years, 7 months and 7 days Murder
7 Otho
AD 69
0 years, 3 months and 1 day
(91 days)
Suicide
8 Vitellius
AD 69
0 years, 8 months and 1 day Murder
(3) Flavian dynasty 27 years, 2 months
9 Vespasian
69–79
9 years, 11 months and 22 days Natural
10 Titus
(Vespasian II)

79–81
2 years, 2 months and 20 days Natural
11 Domitian
81–96
15 years, 0 months and 4 days Murder
(4) Nerva–Antonine dynasty 96 years, 3 months
12 Nerva
96–98
1 year, 4 months and 9 days Natural
13
Trajan "the Best"
98–117
19 years, 6 months and 14 days Natural
14 Hadrian
117–138
20 years, 11 months Natural
15 Antoninus I "Pius"
138–161
22 years, 8 months Natural
16 Lucius Aurelius
161–169
7 years, 11 months Natural
17 Marcus Aurelius
"the Philosopher"

161–180
19 years, 0 months and 10 days Natural
18 Commodus
180–192
16 years, 1 month and 4 days Murder
(5) Year of the Five Emperors
19 Pertinax
193
0 years, 2 months and 27 days
(87 days)
Murder
20 Julian I (Didius)
193
0 years, 2 months and 4 days
(66 days)
Murder
(6) Severan dynasty 43 years
21 Severus I
(Septimius)

193–211
17 years, 10 months Natural
22 Geta
211
0 years, 8 months, 20 days (?) Murder
23 Antoninus II
"Caracalla"

211–217
6 years, 0 months, 4 days Murder
24 Macrinus
217–218
1 year, 2 months Murder
Diadumenian
218
0 years, 1 month (?)
25 Antoninus III
"Elagabalus"

218–222
3 years, 10 months Murder
26 Alexander I
(Severus)

222–235
13 years, 0 months and 9 days Murder
(7) Crisis of the Third Century 50 years
27 Maximinus I
"Thrax"

235–238
3 years, 3 months Murder
28
29

Gordian I &
Gordian II
238
0 years, 0 months, 22 days Suicide
Murder
30
31

Pupienus &
Balbinus
238
0 years, 3 months and 9 days
(99 days)
Murder

Murder

32 Gordian III
238–244
5 years, 6 months Murder
33 Philip I "the Arab"
244–249
5 years, 7 months (?) Murder
Philip II
247–249
2 years, 2 months (?)
34 Decius
249–251
1 year, 8 months (?) Murder
(foreign)
Etruscus
251
0 years, 1 month (?)
Hostilian
251
0 years, 1 month (?)
35
36

Gallus &
Volusianus
251–253
3 years (*) Murder
Murder
37 Aemilianus
253
0 years, 2–3 months Murder
38 Valerianus
253–260
7 years Murder
(foreign)
39 Gallienus
253–268
15 years Murder
Saloninus
260
0 years, 1 month (?)
40 Claudius II
"Gothicus"

268–270
1 year, 7 months (?) Natural
41 Quintillus
270
0 years, 1–2 months
(27–77 days)
Suicide
42 Aurelian
"the Restorer"

270–275
5 years, 5 months (?) Murder
43 Tacitus
275–276
0 years, 7 months (?) Murder
44 Florianus
276
0 years, 2 months and 25 days (?)
(80–88 days)
Murder
45 Probus
276–282
6 years, 3 months (?) Murder
46 Carus
282–283
0 years, 10 months (?) Murder
(foreign)
47 Numerian
283–284
1 year, 3 months (?) Murder
48 Carinus
283–285
2 years Murder
(8) Tetrarchy 38 years
49 Diocletian
"Jovius"

284–305 (East)
20 years, 5 months and 11 days Resign
50 Maximian
"Herculius"

286–305 (West)
19 years, 1 month Murder?
51 Galerius
(Maximian II)

305–311 (East)
6 years (...) Murder
52 Constantius I
"Chlorus"

305–306 (West)
1 year, 2 months and 24 days Natural
53 Severus II
(Valerius)

306–307 (West)
0 years, 8 months (...) Murder
54 Maxentius
306–312 (West)
6 years Murder
55 Licinius
308–313 (West)
313–324 (East)
15 years, 10 months and 8 days Murder
56 Maximinus II
"Daza"
310–313 (East)
3 years (...) Murder
57 Valens I
(Valerius)

316–317 (West)
0 years, 2–3 months Murder
58 Martinianus
324 (West)
0 years, 2 months (...) Murder
(9) Constantinian dynasty 57 years
59 Constantine I
"the Great"

306 (324) – 337
30 years, 10 months Natural
60 Constantine II
337–340
2 years, 7 months Murder
61 Constans I
337–350
12 years, 4 months, 9 days Murder
62 Magnentius
350–353
3 years, 7 months Suicide
63 Nepotianus
350
0 years, 0 months, 27 days Murder
64 Vetranio
350
0 years, 9 months, 24 days Spared
65 Constantius II
337 (353) – 361
24 years, 2 months Natural
66 Julian II
"the Apostate"

361–363
1 year, 7 months and 24 days Murder
(foreign)
67 Jovian
363–364
0 years, 7 months and 21 days Accident
(10) Valento–Theodosian dynasty 93 years
68 Valentinian I
364–375
11 years, 8 months and 23 days Natural
69 Valens II
364–378 (East)
14 years, 4 months and 12 days Murder
(foreign)
70 Procopius
365–366 (West)
0 years, 8 months Murder
71 Gratian
375–383 (West)
7 years, 9 months, 8 days Murder
72 Maximus I
(Magnus)

383–388 (West)
5 years, 0 months and 3 days Murder
Victor
385–388 (West)
3 years (?)
73 Valentinian II
388–392 (West)
3 years, 6 months, 16 days Murder?
74 Eugenius
392–394 (West)
2 years, 0 months, 15 days Murder
75 Theodosius I
"the Great"

379 (394) – 395
16 years Natural
76 Arcadius
395–408 (East)
13 years, 3 months and 14 days Natural
77 Honorius
395–423 (West)
28 years, 7 months Natural
78 Constantine (III)
(Claudius)

407–411 (West)
4 years Murder
Constans (II)
409–411 (West)
2 years
79 Theodosius II
408–450 (East)
42 years, 2 months and 27 days Natural
80 Attalus
409–410 (West)
1 year (?) Murder
81 Constantius III
421 (West)
0 years, 6 months and 25 days Natural
82 John (0)
423–425 (West)
1 year (...) Murder
83 Valentinian III
425–455 (West)
29 years, 4 months and 21 days Murder
84 Marcian
450–457 (East)
6 years, 5 months and 2 days Natural
85 Maximus II
(Petronius)

455 (West)
0 years, 2 months and 14 days
(75 days)
Murder
86 Avitus
455–456 (West)
1 year, 3 months and 8 days Spared
(11) Leonid dynasty & Fall of the West 61 years, 5 months
87 Leo I
"the Butcher"

457–474 (East)
16 years, 11 months and 11 days Natural
88 Majorian
457–461 (West)
3 years, 7 months and 10 days Murder
89 Severus III
(Libius)

461–465 (West)
4 years Natural
90 Anthemius
467–472 (West)
5 years, 3 months Murder
91 Olybrius
472 (W)
0 years, 3 months and 22 days
(111 days)
Natural
92 Glycerius
473–474 (W)
1 year, 3 months, 22 days Spared
93 Nepos
474–475 (480)(W)
1 year, 2 months and 4 days (*) Murder
94 Leo II
"the Little"

474 (East)
0 years, 11 months Natural
95 Zeno
"the Isaurian"

474–491 (East)
17 years, 2 months and 11 days Natural
96 Basiliscus
475–476 (East)
1 year, 7 months Murder
Marcus
475–476 (East)
1 year, 7 months
97 Romulus
"Augustulus"

475–476 (W)
0 years, 10 months, 4 days Spared
98 Anastasius I
"Dicorus"

491–518 (E)
27 years, 3 months Natural
(12) Justinian dynasty 84 years, 5 months
99 Justin I
518–527
9 years, 0 months, 23 days Natural
100
Justinian I
"the Great"

527–565
38 years, 7 months and 13 days Natural
101 Justin II
"Byzancius"

565–578
12 years, 10 months and 21 days Natural
102 Tiberius II
(Constantine)

578–582
3 years, 10 months and 19 days Natural
103 Maurice
582–602
20 years, 3 months and 14 days Murder
Theodosius
590–602
12 years, 8 months, 1 day
104 Phocas
"the Tyrant"

602–610
7 years, 10 months and 12 days Murder
(13) Heraclian dynasty 91 years
105
Heraclius I
610–641
30 years, 4 months and 6 days Natural
106 Constantine III
(Heraclius)

641
0 years, 3 months and 14 days
(103 days)
Natural
107 Heraclius II
"Heraclonas"

641
5 months, 0 months and 11 days Spared
Constantine
(David)
0 years, 1 month (?)
108 Constans II
"the Bearded"

641–668
26 years, 8 months Murder
109 Constantine IV
"the Young"

668–685
16 years, 10 months Natural

Heraclius (III)
& Tiberius
659–681
22 years
110 Justinian II
"the Slit-nosed"

685–95, 705–11
16 years (*) Murder
Tiberius (IV)
706–711
5 years
(14) Twenty Years' Anarchy 22 years
111 Leontius
695–698
3 years Murder
112 Tiberius III
(Apsimarus)

698–705
7 years Murder
113 Philippicus
(Bardanes)

711–713
1 year, 8 months Murder
114 Anastasius II
(Artemius)

713–715
1 year, 6 months (?) Murder
115 Theodosius III
715–717
1 year, 6 months (?) Spared
(15) Isaurian dynasty 85 years, 7 months
116 Leo III
"the Isaurian"

717–741
24 years, 2 months and 24 days Natural
117 Constantine V
"the Shit-named"

741–775
34 years, 2 months and 27 days Natural
118 Artabasdos
741–742
1 year, 4–5 months (?) Spared
Nikephoros (0)
741–742
1 year, 5 months (?)
119 Leo IV
"the Khazar"

775–780
4 years, 11 months and 25 days Natural
120 Constantine VI
"the Blinded"

780–797
16 years, 11 months and 11 day Spared
121 Irene
"the Athenian"

797–802
5 years, 2 months and 12 days Spared
(16) Nikephorian dynasty 11 years, 2 months
122 Nikephoros I
"the Logothete"

802–811
8 years, 8 months and 26 days Murder
(foreign)
123 Staurakios
811
0 years, 2 months and 4 days
(66 days)
Resign
124 Michael I
(Rangabe)

811–813
1 year, 9 months and 9 days Resign
Theophylactos &
Staurakios (II)
811–813
1 year, 7 months
125 Leo V
"the Armenian"

813–820
7 years, 5 months and 14 days Murder
Constantine
(Symbatios)

813–820
7 years
(17) Amorian dynasty 47 years
126 Michael II
"the Amorian"

820–829
8 years, 9 months and 7 days Natural
127 Theophilos
829–842
12 years, 3 months and 18 days Natural
Constantine
835?
1 year (?)
128
Michael III
"the Drunkard"

842–867
25 years, 8 months and 4 days Murder
(18) Macedonian dynasty 189 years
129 Basil I
"the Macedonian"

867–886
18 years, 9 months and 5 days Accident
Constantine
868–679
11 years
130 Leo VI
"the Wise"

886–912
25 years, 8 months and 12 days Natural
131 Alexander II
912–913
1 year, 0 months, 27 days Natural
132 Constantine VII
"the Purple-Born"

913–959
46 years, 5 months and 3 days Natural
133
Romanos I
(Lekapenos)

920–944
24 years, 0 months and 3 days Spared
Christopher
921–931
10 years, 3 months
Stephen &
Constantine
924–945
10 years, 1 month, 2 days
134 Romanos II
"the Purple-born"

959–963
3 years, 4 months and 6 days Natural
135 Nikephoros II
(Phocas)

963–969
6 years, 3 months and 25 days Murder
136 John I
"the Red-booted"

969–976
7 years Murder
137 Basil II
"the Bulgar-slayer"

976–1025
49 years, 11 months and 5 days Natural
138 Constantine VIII
1025–1028
2 years, 11 months Natural
139 Romanos III
(Argyros)

1028–1034
5 years, 5 months Murder
140 Michael IV
"the Paphlagonian"

1034–1041
7 years, 8 months Natural
141 Michael V
"the Caulker"

1041–1042
4 months, 0 months and 8 days Spared
142 Zoe
"the Purple-born"

1042–1050
8 years (...) Natural
143 Theodora
"the Purple-born"

1042–1056
14 years, 4 months and 10 days Natural
144 Constantine IX
(Monomachos)

1042–1055
12 years, 7 months Natural
145 Michael VI
"the Bellicose"

1056–1057
1 year, 0 months and 8 days Spared
146 Isaac I
(Komnenos)

1057–1059
2 years, 2 months and 21 days Spared
(19) DoukasKomnenosAngelos dynasty 144 years, 2 months
147 Constantine X
(Doukas)

1059–1067
7 years, 6 months Natural
148 Romanos IV
(Diogenes)

1067–1071
3 years, 9 months Murder
Nikephoros &
Leo Diogenes
2 years (?)
149 portrait from the Holy Crown of Hungary Michael VII
"Minus-a-quarter"

1071–1078
6 years, 6 months Spared
Constantius (IV)
& Andronikos
8 years (?)
150 Nikephoros III
(Botaneiates)

1078–1081
3 years Spared
151 Alexios I
(Komnenos)

1081–1118
37 years, 4 months and 14 days Natural
Constantine
1081–1087
7 years
152 John II
"the Good"

1118–1143
24 years, 7 months and 24 days Accident
Alexios
1122–1142
20 years
153 Manuel I
"the Great"

1143–1180
37 years, 5 months and 16 days Natural
154 Alexios II
1180–1183
3 years Murder
155 Andronikos I
"the Sun-hater"

1183–1185
2 years Murder
John Komnenos 2 years
156 Isaac II (Angelos)
1185–1195
9 years, 6 months and 27 days Natural?
157 Alexios III
1195–1203
8 years, 3 months and 10 days Spared
158 Alexios IV
1203–1204
0 years, 6 months and 8 days Murder
159 Alexios V
"the Shady"

1204
0 years, 2 months and 16 days
(76 days)
Murder
(20) DoukasAngelosKomnenosPalaiologos dynasty 192 years, 4 months, 14 days
160 Michael VIII
1261–1282
21 years, 3 months, 26 days Natural
161 Andronikos II
1282–1328
45 years, 5 months and 13 days Spared
162 Michael IX
1294–1320
26 years, 4 months and 21 days Natural
163 Andronikos III
1328–1341
13 years, 0 months and 22 days Natural
164 John V
1341–1391
49 years, 8 months and 1 day Natural
165 John VI
1347–1354
7 years, 10 months Spared
Matthew
1353–1357
4 years
166 Andronikos IV
1376–1379
2 years, 10 months and 19 days Spared
167 John VII
1390
0 years, 5 months and 3 days Natural
Andronikos V
1403–1407
4 years
168 Manuel II
1391–1425
34 years, 4 months and 5 days Natural
169 John VIII
1425–1448
23 years, 4 months and 10 days Natural
170 Constantine XI
"the Marble Emperor"

1449–1453
4 years, 4 months and 23 days Murder
(foreign)
Data results

    • Emperors who where killed: 85 ––– 50 %
      • Killed by their own hands: 5 ––– (2.94 %)
    • Emperors who resigned: 3 ––– 1.76 %
    • Emperors who had bad luck: 3 ––– 1.76 %
    • Emperors who where spared: 19 ––– 11.18 %
    • Emperors who died of natural deaths: 60 ––– 35.30 %

    Between the years 1 and 565 there where 100 emperors; 65 of them had unnatural causes. This means that the old "classical" Empire (up until 480) had more emperors than the Byzantines, even though the Eastern Empire lived almost twice longer. Up to the year 300 there where 50 emperors; only 12 of them had natural deaths. That said, most of the short-lived (and murdered) emperors ruled during the Crisis or Tetrarchy periods, which makes sense. Most emperors seem to have reigned about 5 years, certainly less than 10, though it's hard to say for sure. Only 31 of them (18.24%) ruled over 20 years (and only 10 if you stop counting after 476; of which only 3 ruled over 30!)