Portal:Mexico

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The Temple of Warriors at Chichen Itza, Mexico

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¡Bienvenido! Welcome to the Mexico portal

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It covers 1,972,550 km² (761,610 sq mi), making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th-most-populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is organized as a federal constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital. It shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.

Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico dates back to 8,000 BC, making it one of the world's six cradles of civilization. The Mesoamerican region hosted various intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. The Aztecs came to dominate the area prior to European contact. In 1521, the Spanish Empire, alongside indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec Empire, establishing the colony of New Spain in the former capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). Over the next three centuries, Spanish expansion enforced Christianity, spread the Spanish language, and exploited rich silver deposits in Zacatecas and Guanajuato. The colonial era ended in the early nineteenth century with the Mexican War of Independence. (Full article...)

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Kenna near peak intensity on October 24

Hurricane Kenna was the fourth-most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Eastern Pacific basin, and at the time the third-most intense Pacific hurricane to strike the west coast of Mexico. Kenna was the sixteenth tropical depression, thirteenth tropical storm, seventh hurricane, sixth major hurricane, and third Category 5 hurricane of the 2002 Pacific hurricane season. After forming on October 22 to the south of Mexico from a tropical wave, forecasters consistently predicted the storm to strengthen much less than it actually did. Moving into an area of favorable upper-level conditions and warm sea surface temperatures, Kenna quickly strengthened to reach peak winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) as a Category 5 hurricane, on October 25, while located about 255 mi (410 km) southwest of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. Weakening as it turned to the northeast, the hurricane made landfall near San Blas, Nayarit as a Category 4 hurricane, with sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h), before dissipating on October 26 over the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains.

The name "Kenna" was retired from the list of Pacific hurricane names due to its effects on Mexico, which included US$101 million in damage and four deaths. The worst of the hurricane's effects occurred between San Blas in Nayarit and Puerto Vallarta in Jalisco, where over 100 people were injured and thousands of homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed. 95% of the buildings in San Blas were damaged, and hundreds of buildings were destroyed along coastal areas of Puerto Vallarta. (Full article...)

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The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. However, the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) reported two cases of COVID-19 in mid-January 2020 in the states of Nayarit and Tabasco, with one case per state. (Full article...)

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Huitzila, Hidalgo

image credit: Diego Delso

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Mis Romances (English: My Romances) is the fourteenth studio album of Mexican singer Luis Miguel, released on 20 November 2001 by Warner Music Latina. It is the fourth album in the Romance series wherein Luis Miguel covers bolero standards from Latin America and includes two original compositions. Produced by Luis Miguel, the album was recorded at the Record Plant in Los Angeles, California with the participation of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra at the Abbey Road Studios in London, England. The recording was promoted by three singles: "Amor, Amor, Amor", "Cómo Duele", and "Al Que Me Siga". It was further promoted by a tour in 2002 that had Luis Miguel performing in the United States, Latin America, and Spain. It was the highest-grossing tour of the year by a Latin artist in the U.S.

Mis Romances was neither a critical nor a commercial success. It was met with unfavorable reviews from critics who felt the record was too similar to its predecessors and lambasted Luis Miguel for not evolving his artistic style. Commercially, it peaked at number two on Billboard's Top Latin Albums and was the second bestselling Latin album of 2002 in the United States. Additionally, it reached number one in Argentina and was the bestselling record of the year in Mexico. Within nine days of its release. Mis Romances sold over 1.5 million copies, but failed to meet the record label's expectations. The album also won the Billboard Latin Music Award for "Latin Pop Album of the Year by a Male Artist" and "Album of the Year" at the 2002 Premio de la Gente. (Full article...)

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Official portrait, 1982

Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel de la maˈðɾið uɾˈtaðo]; 12 December 1934 – 1 April 2012) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 59th president of Mexico from 1982 to 1988.

Inheriting a severe economic and financial crisis from his predecessor José López Portillo as a result of the international drop in oil prices and a crippling external debt on which Mexico had defaulted months before he took office, De la Madrid introduced sweeping neoliberal policies to overcome the crisis, beginning an era of market-oriented presidents in Mexico, along with austerity measures involving deep cuts in public spending. In spite of these reforms, De la Madrid's administration continued to be plagued by negative economic growth and inflation for the rest of his term, while the social effects of the austerity measures were particularly harsh on the lower and middle classes, with real wages falling to half of what they were in 1978 and with a sharp rise in unemployment and in the informal economy by the end of his term. (Full article...)

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Vicente Fox Frida Kahlo Porfirio Díaz Juan Diego Emiliano Zapata Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Cantinflas Pancho Villa Antonio López de Santa Anna Chespirito Agustín de Iturbide Maximilian I of Mexico Benito Juárez Carlos Slim Diego Rivera Francisco I. Madero Juana Inés de la Cruz Carlos Salinas de Gortari

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In the news

8 May 2024 –: Rolling blackouts occur in several cities in Mexico amid an ongoing heatwave in the country. (The New York Times)
3 May 2024 –: Mexican authorities locate the bodies of three tourists, one American and two Australians, in Baja California, where they were reported missing in April. Three people have been arrested and are being questioned in relation to the case. (Reuters) (BBC News); U.S. Representative Henry Cuellar is indicted for accepting nearly $600,000 worth of bribes from an Azerbaijan-controlled company and a Mexican bank. (AP)
3 May 2024 – Israel–Hamas war protests: Students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico hold pro-Palestine solidarity encampments and protests. (France24)
29 April 2024 – Ecuador–Mexico relations: 2024 raid on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador; Ecuador files a complaint against Mexico at the International Court of Justice over Mexico's move to grant political asylum to former Ecuadorian vice-president Jorge Glas. (AP)

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In the United States, Mexican Coca-Cola, or Mexican Coke (Spanish: Coca Cola de Vidrio, English: Glass Coca-Cola, or Coca-Cola in a glass bottle) or, informally, "Mexicoke", refers to Coca-Cola produced in and imported from Mexico. The Mexican formula that is exported into the U.S. is sweetened with white sugar instead of the high-fructose corn syrup used in the American formula since the early 1980s. Some tasters have said that Mexican Coca-Cola tastes better, while other blind tasting tests reported no perceptible differences in flavor.

Mexican Coke should not be confused with the domestic version of Coca-Cola sold in Mexico, which since 2017 may contain the artificial sweetener sucralose, with a can containing one-third less sugar than the export product. (Full article...)

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Mexican cuisine Cuisine of Chiapas Cuisine of Veracruz Crema (dairy product) Aztec cuisine Oaxacan cuisine Mole sauce Guacamole Enchilada Mexican breads Nachos Burrito Mexican street food Pozole Cheeses of Mexico Taco Pan dulce Mexican wine Sopa de fideo Tostilocos Beer in Mexico Calavera Champurrado Menudo (soup)

General images

The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Viceroy José de Iturrigaray (from History of Mexico)
Image 2Subcomandante Marcos (from History of Mexico)
Image 3La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 4Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 5Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico)
Image 6President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico)
Image 7La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910-1912. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 8Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico)
Image 9Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico)
Image 10U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico)
Image 11President Felipe Calderón with President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (from History of Mexico)
Image 12Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico)
Image 13Club América vs Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 14El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
Image 15Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico)
Image 16Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico)
Image 17General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico)
Image 18Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
Image 19Olmec colossal (from History of Mexico)
Image 20Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico (from History of Mexico)
Image 21A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico)
Image 22A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico)
Image 23Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 24The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico)
Image 25Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 26Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico)
Image 27President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico)
Image 28Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico)
Image 29"The Fall of the Alamo" by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk (from History of Mexico)
Image 30Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico)
Image 31Battle of Miahuatlán (from History of Mexico)
Image 32Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 33Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico)
Image 34Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico)
Image 35Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 36Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 37Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico)
Image 38Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico)
Image 39Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico)
Image 401985 Mexico City earthquake (from History of Mexico)
Image 41General Santa Anna. (from History of Mexico)
Image 42Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico)
Image 43A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico)
Image 44Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico)
Image 45Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 46Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico)
Image 47"The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico)
Image 48Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico)
Image 49Cabinet Officers of Andrés Manuel López Obrador (left) and of Enrique Peña Nieto (right). (from History of Mexico)
Image 50Ignacio Comonfort (from History of Mexico)
Image 51The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico)
Image 52Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico)
Image 53Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico)
Image 54Porfirio Díaz (from History of Mexico)
Image 55Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico)
Image 56Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 57President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico)
Image 58The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico)
Image 59Equestrian statue of Charles IV in Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
Image 60Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico)
Image 61Plutarco Elías Calles (from History of Mexico)
Image 62Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico)
Image 63Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 64Alegoría de la Constitución de 1857, Petronilo Monroy, 1869. (from History of Mexico)
Image 65Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey (Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico)
Image 66Battle of Tampico (1829) (from History of Mexico)
Image 67Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico)
Image 68Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico)
Image 69Logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico)

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