Tiger reserves of India

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The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.

Goal[edit]

As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1][2]

Tiger population[edit]

State wise tiger population (2018)

In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.[3] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.[4]

In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.[5] As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[6]

Tiger reserves[edit]

Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.[7]

In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of 9,115 km2 (3,519 sq mi) had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of 24,700 km2 (9,500 sq mi). More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.[8] By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi).[9] As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[1]

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Locations of all the Tiger reserves in India ( Source: National Tiger Conservation Authority [10])
List of tiger reserves[11][12]
Name Inclusion Last notified State Location Tiger population
(2023)[5] 		Area (in km2)
Core Buffer Total
Bandipur 1973–74 2007 Karnataka 11°39′42″N 76°37′38″E / 11.66167°N 76.62722°E / 11.66167; 76.62722 150 872.24 584.06 1,456.3
Corbett 1973–74 2010 Uttarakhand 29°32′55″N 78°56′7″E / 29.54861°N 78.93528°E / 29.54861; 78.93528 260 821.99 466.32 1,288.31
Kanha 1973–74 2007 Madhya Pradesh 22°13′39″N 80°38′42″E / 22.22750°N 80.64500°E / 22.22750; 80.64500 105 917.43 1,134.36 2,051.79
Manas 1973–74 2008 Assam 26°43′0″N 90°56′0″E / 26.71667°N 90.93333°E / 26.71667; 90.93333 58 526.22 2,310.88 2,837.10
Melghat 1973–74 2007 Maharashtra 21°26′45″N 77°11′50″E / 21.44583°N 77.19722°E / 21.44583; 77.19722 57 1,500.49 1,268.03 2,768.52
Palamau 1973–74 2012 Jharkhand 23°41′20″N 84°14′56″E / 23.68889°N 84.24889°E / 23.68889; 84.24889 1 414.08 715.85 1,129.93
Ranthambore 1973–74 2007 Rajasthan 26°01′02″N 76°30′09″E / 26.01722°N 76.50250°E / 26.01722; 76.50250 57 1,113.36 297.92 1,411.29
Similipal 1973–74 2007 Odisha 21°50′0″N 86°20′0″E / 21.83333°N 86.33333°E / 21.83333; 86.33333 16 1,194.75 1,555.25 2,750
Sunderbans 1973–74 2007 West Bengal 21°50′17″N 88°53′07″E / 21.83806°N 88.88528°E / 21.83806; 88.88528 100 1,699.62 885.27 2,584.89
Periyar 1978–79 2007 Kerala 9°34′39″N 77°10′48″E / 9.57750°N 77.18000°E / 9.57750; 77.18000 30 881 44 925
Sariska 1978–79 2007 Rajasthan 27°19′3″N 76°26′13″E / 27.31750°N 76.43694°E / 27.31750; 76.43694 19 881.11 332.23 1,213.34
Buxa 1982–83 2009 West Bengal 26°39′0″N 89°34′48″E / 26.65000°N 89.58000°E / 26.65000; 89.58000 1 390.58 367.32 757.90
Indravati 1982–83 2009 Chhattisgarh 19°12′18″N 81°1′53″E / 19.20500°N 81.03139°E / 19.20500; 81.03139 1 1,258.37 1,540.70 2,799.07
Namdapha 1982–83 1987 Arunachal Pradesh 27°29′0″N 96°23′0″E / 27.48333°N 96.38333°E / 27.48333; 96.38333 1 1,807.82 245.00 2,052.82
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam 1982–83 2007 Andhra Pradesh 16°18′0″N 78°59′0″E / 16.30000°N 78.98333°E / 16.30000; 78.98333 58 2,595.72 700.59 3,296.31
Dudhwa 1987–88 2010 Uttar Pradesh 28°30.5′0″N 80°40.8′0″E / 28.50833°N 80.68000°E / 28.50833; 80.68000 135 1,093.79 1,107.98 2,201.77
Kalakad-Mundanthurai 1988–89 2007 Tamil Nadu 8°41′0″N 77°19′0″E / 8.68333°N 77.31667°E / 8.68333; 77.31667 5 895.00 706.54 1,601.54
Valmiki 1989–90 2012 Bihar 27°19′54″N 84°9′45″E / 27.33167°N 84.16250°E / 27.33167; 84.16250 54 598.45 300.93 899.38
Pench (M.P.) 1992–93 2007 Madhya Pradesh 21°41′35″N 79°14′54″E / 21.69306°N 79.24833°E / 21.69306; 79.24833 77 411.33 768.30 1,179.63
Tadoba-Andhari 1993–94 2007 Maharashtra 20°16′0″N 79°24′0″E / 20.26667°N 79.40000°E / 20.26667; 79.40000 97 625.82 1,101.77 1,727.59
Bandhavgarh 1993–94 2007 Madhya Pradesh 23°41′58″N 80°57′43″E / 23.69944°N 80.96194°E / 23.69944; 80.96194 135 716.9 820.03 1,536.93
Panna 1994–95 2007 Madhya Pradesh 24°43′49.6″N 80°0′38.8″E / 24.730444°N 80.010778°E / 24.730444; 80.010778 55 576.13 1,021.97 1,598.10
Dampa 1994–95 2007 Mizoram 23°34′0″N 92°22′0″E / 23.56667°N 92.36667°E / 23.56667; 92.36667 0 500 488 988
Bhadra 1998–99 2007 Karnataka 13°41′43.72″N 75°38′12.53″E / 13.6954778°N 75.6368139°E / 13.6954778; 75.6368139 28 492.46 571.83 1,064.29
Pench (MH) 1998–99 2007 Maharashtra 21°41′35″N 79°14′54″E / 21.69306°N 79.24833°E / 21.69306; 79.24833 48 257.26 483.96 741.22
Pakke 1999–00 2012 Arunachal Pradesh 27°05′0″N 92°51.5′0″E / 27.08333°N 92.85833°E / 27.08333; 92.85833 6 683.45 515 1,198.45
Nameri 1999–00 2000 Assam 27°0′36″N 92°47′24″E / 27.01000°N 92.79000°E / 27.01000; 92.79000 3 320 144 464
Satpura 1999–00 2007 Madhya Pradesh 22°29′42″N 78°13′52″E / 22.49500°N 78.23111°E / 22.49500; 78.23111 50 1,339.26 794.04 2,133.31
Anamalai 2008–09 2007 Tamil Nadu 10.4170°0′00″N 77.0567°0′00″E / 10.41700°N 77.05670°E / 10.41700; 77.05670 16 958.59 521.28 1,479.87
Udanti–Sitanadi 2008–09 2009 Chhattisgarh 20.1857°0′00″N 81.9362°0′00″E / 20.18570°N 81.93620°E / 20.18570; 81.93620 1 851.09 991.45 1,842.54
Satkosia 2008–09 2007 Odisha 20°32′24″N 84°49′54″E / 20.54000°N 84.83167°E / 20.54000; 84.83167 0 523.61 440.26 963.87
Kaziranga 2008–09 2007 Assam 26°40′0″N 93°21′0″E / 26.66667°N 93.35000°E / 26.66667; 93.35000 104 625.58 548 1,173.58
Achanakmar 2008–09 2009 Chhattisgarh 22°26′11.6″N 81°50′18.5″E / 22.436556°N 81.838472°E / 22.436556; 81.838472 5 626.19 287.82 914.02
Kali 2008–09 2007 Karnataka 14°57′23.04″N 74°15′7.56″E / 14.9564000°N 74.2521000°E / 14.9564000; 74.2521000 17 814.88 282.63 1,097.51
Sanjay Dhubri 2008–09 2011 Madhya Pradesh 23°53′7″N 82°3′19″E / 23.88528°N 82.05528°E / 23.88528; 82.05528 16 812.57 861.93 1,674.5
Mudumalai 2008–09 2007 Tamil Nadu 11°36′0″N 76°30′0″E / 11.60000°N 76.50000°E / 11.60000; 76.50000 114 321.00 367.59 688.59
Nagarhole 2008–09 2007 Karnataka 12°3′36″N 76°9′4″E / 12.06000°N 76.15111°E / 12.06000; 76.15111 141 643.35 562.41 1,205.76
Parambikulam 2008–09 2009 Kerala 10°23′0″N 76°42′30″E / 10.38333°N 76.70833°E / 10.38333; 76.70833 31 390.89 252.77 643.66
Sahyadri 2009–10 2012 Maharashtra 17°29′10″N 73°48′32″E / 17.48611°N 73.80889°E / 17.48611; 73.80889 0 612.00 565.45 1,165.57
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple 2010–11 2007 Karnataka 11°59′38″N 77°8′26″E / 11.99389°N 77.14056°E / 11.99389; 77.14056 37 359.10 215.72 574.82
Kawal 2012–13 2012 Telangana 18°59′38″N 79°15′0″E / 18.99389°N 79.25000°E / 18.99389; 79.25000 0 892.23 1,123.21 2,015.44
Sathyamangalam 2013–14 2013 Tamil Nadu 11°38′24″N 77°13′34″E / 11.64000°N 77.22611°E / 11.64000; 77.22611 85 793.49 614.91 1,408.40
Mukandra Hills 2013–14 2013 Rajasthan 24°52′05″N 75°51′22″E / 24.86806°N 75.85611°E / 24.86806; 75.85611 1 417.17 342.82 759.99
Nawegaon–Nagzira 2013–14 2015 Maharashtra 20°56′0″N 80°10′0″E / 20.93333°N 80.16667°E / 20.93333; 80.16667 11 653.67 1,241.27 1,894.94
Amrabad 2014 2015 Telangana 16.38°0′00″N 78.83°0′00″E / 16.38000°N 78.83000°E / 16.38000; 78.83000 12 2,166.37 445.02 2,611.39
Pilibhit 2014 2014 Uttar Pradesh 28°41′31″N 79°51′11″E / 28.69194°N 79.85306°E / 28.69194; 79.85306 63 602.79 127.45 730.25
Bor 2014 2012 Maharashtra 20°58′39″N 78°40′33″E / 20.97750°N 78.67583°E / 20.97750; 78.67583 9 138.12 678.15 816.27
Rajaji 2015 2015 Uttarakhand 30°03′29″N 78°10′22″E / 30.05806°N 78.17278°E / 30.05806; 78.17278 54 819.54 255.63 1,075.17
Orang 2016 2016 Assam 26°33′25″N 92°19′40″E / 26.55694°N 92.32778°E / 26.55694; 92.32778 16 79.28 413.18 492.46
Kamlang 2016 2017 Arunachal Pradesh 27°40′0″N 96°26′0″E / 27.66667°N 96.43333°E / 27.66667; 96.43333 0 671 112 783
Srivilliputhur–Megamalai 2021 2021 Tamil Nadu 09°23′38″N 77°21′51″E / 9.39389°N 77.36417°E / 9.39389; 77.36417 12 641.86 374.7 1,016.57
Ramgarh Vishdhari 2022 2022 Rajasthan 25°59′0″N 75°19′0″E / 25.98333°N 75.31667°E / 25.98333; 75.31667 1 481.91 1,019.99 1,501.90
Ranipur 2022 2022 Uttar Pradesh 24.96°0′00″N 81.064°0′00″E / 24.96000°N 81.06400°E / 24.96000; 81.06400 0 230.31 299.05 529.36
Veerangana Durgavati 2023 2023 Madhya Pradesh 23.54°0′00″N 79.72°0′00″E / 23.54000°N 79.72000°E / 23.54000; 79.72000 0 1,414 925.12 2,339.12
Dholpur-Karauli 2023 2023 Rajasthan 26.5°0′00″N 77.02°0′00″E / 26.50000°N 77.02000°E / 26.50000; 77.02000 0 599.64 0 599.64
Total 2,353 43,524.86 35,141.94 78,654.97

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Tiger reserves (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  3. ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC. 2019.
  4. ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Public Information Brochure. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
  6. ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". WWF. 2016.
  7. ^ "Project Tiger". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  8. ^ Panwar, H. S. (1987). "Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future". In Tilson, R. L.; Sel, U. S. (eds.). Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species. Park Ridge, N.J.: Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 110–117. ISBN 978-0-815-51133-5.
  9. ^ Thapar, V. (1999). "The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch". In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. (eds.). Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–306. ISBN 0-521-64057-1.
  10. ^ MEE summary report (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Tiger Reserves of India". Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  12. ^ MEE summary report (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  13. ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  14. ^ "Tiger Reserves". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
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